Global Policy Forum

on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against Unita

The "Fowler Report"

S/2000/203
10 March 2000

I have the honour to transmit herewith the final report of the Panel of Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999) of 7 May 1999.
I would be grateful if this report were circulated to members of the Security Council for their information and issued as a document of the Security Council.
(Signed)

Robert R. FOWLER
Chairman
Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 864 (1993)
concerning the situation in Angola

Annex I

Letter dated 28 February 2000 from the Chairman of the Panel of Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999) addressed to the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 864 (1993) concerning the situation in Angola

I have pleasure in submitting the report of the Panel of Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999) (see enclosure).

(Signed)

Anders Mollander
Ambassador
Chairman, Expert Panel

Enclosure
REPORT OF THE PANEL OF EXPERTS ON VIOLATIONS OF SECURITY COUNCIL
SANCTIONS AGAINST UNITA

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION   Paragraphs 1 - 12
I. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT 13 - 58

A. Findings relating to arms and military equipment   14 - 50

1. How UNITA procured arms and military equipment    15 - 38
2. The source of origin of UNITA's arms and training   39 - 46
3. Types of arms and military equipment used and imported by UNITA   47 - 49
4. Military cooperation with UNITA in the Democratic Republic of the Congo   50

B. Conclusions relating to arms and military equipment     51
C. Recommendations relating to arms and military equipment (recommendations 1-7)      52 - 58
II. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 59 - 74
A. Findings relating to petroleum and petroleum products     60 - 68
1. The supply of petroleum products to UNITA 1993-1998       61 - 63
2. The supply of petroleum products to UNITA from January 1999    64 - 66
3. Refueling of aircraft coming from UNITA controlled areas    67
4. Commercial smuggling of petroleum into UNITA controlled areas   68

B. Conclusions relating to petroleum and petroleum products    69

C. Recommendations relating to petroleum and petroleum products (recommendations 8-12)   70 - 74

III. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON DIAMONDS 75 - 114
A. Findings relating to diamonds       76 - 105

1. The significance of diamonds for UNITA      77
2. How UNITA comes to possess diamonds      78 - 79
3. How UNITA exchanges diamonds for commodities or cash     80 - 81
4. Where UNITA goes to sell its diamonds      82 - 86
5. Easy access of smuggled diamonds into international markets      87 - 93
6. The problem within Angola     94